Introduction to Military Button Collecting
Military buttons are more than just functional fasteners—they’re tangible pieces of history that tell stories of battles fought, regiments formed, and nations defended. For collectors, these small artifacts provide a direct connection to the past, each button representing a chapter in military history.
Today, military buttons have become sought-after collectibles, with rare specimens commanding impressive prices at auctions and among private collectors. Whether you’ve inherited a collection, discovered old buttons at an estate sale, or are starting a collection from scratch, understanding what drives their value is essential.
This comprehensive guide will walk you through the fascinating world of military button collecting, helping you identify valuable pieces, understand market trends, and appreciate the historical significance behind these miniature metallic treasures.
The Historical Significance of Military Buttons
Military buttons first gained prominence as standardized uniform elements in the 17th and 18th centuries. As armies became more formalized, so did their uniforms and insignia. Buttons became a critical element of military regalia, often bearing emblems, numbers, or symbols that identified the wearer’s unit or rank.
These small artifacts now serve as invaluable historical documents, helping historians track changes in military organization, design aesthetics, and even manufacturing technologies across centuries.
Evolution of Military Buttons
- 1700s
Early Standardization
Military buttons became standardized elements of uniforms. Buttons from this period were often handcrafted from precious metals like silver and gold for officers, while enlisted men wore pewter or brass. - 1800-1865
Civil War Era
The American Civil War period saw mass production of military buttons with distinct designs for Union and Confederate forces. These are among the most collected military buttons today. - 1914-1945
World War Era
WWI and WWII buttons featured standardized designs with national emblems. Materials reflected wartime shortages, with some buttons made from bakelite and other alternative materials. - 1950-Present
Modern Era
Post-war buttons incorporated modern manufacturing techniques and materials. Many contemporary military buttons are now made with synthetic materials and modern finishes.
Identifying Valuable Military Buttons
Button Materials and Construction
The materials used in a button’s construction can tell you much about its age, origin, and potential value:
- Brass and Copper: Common in 18th and 19th-century buttons, often with a gold wash for officers
- Silver and Gold: Used for high-ranking officers’ buttons in earlier periods
- Pewter: Frequent in early enlisted men’s buttons
- Bakelite and Plastic: Appeared during WWII due to metal shortages
- Backmarks: Manufacturer marks on the reverse side can help date and authenticate buttons
Design Elements and Markings
Specific design features often indicate a button’s origin and purpose:
- Regimental Insignia: Numbers, letters, or symbols identifying specific military units
- National Emblems: Eagles (American), lions (British), or other national symbols
- Branch Identifiers: Crossed cannons (artillery), bugles (infantry), anchors (navy)
- State Militia Symbols: State-specific emblems for local militia units, particularly valuable for American collectors
Construction Methods
The way a button was manufactured can help date it:
- One-Piece vs. Two-Piece: Earlier buttons (pre-1800) were often one-piece; later ones were typically two-piece construction
- Shank Types: Loop, drilled, or wire shanks indicate different eras and manufacturing methods
- Edge Details: Smooth edges are typically more modern, while hand-filed or irregular edges suggest older craftsmanship
Authenticating Military Buttons
Key features to examine when determining authenticity
- Check for appropriate patina and wear consistent with age
- Examine the backmark for manufacturer information
- Verify that the design matches known patterns for the claimed period
- Assess if the weight and feel are appropriate for the supposed material
- Look for correct attachment methods consistent with the time period
- Evaluate if any tarnish or oxidation appears natural rather than artificially applied
Factors Affecting Military Button Values
Rarity and Historical Significance
- Limited Production Runs: Buttons from short-lived regiments or special units
- Historical Connections: Buttons associated with famous battles, regiments, or military leaders
- Documented Provenance: Buttons with verified origins, especially those connected to notable figures
Condition Assessment
Condition dramatically affects a button’s value. Military buttons are graded on a scale similar to other collectibles:
- Mint: Perfect condition with original finish, no wear
- Excellent: Minor wear, retains most original finish
- Very Good: Shows wear but all details remain clear
- Good: Significant wear, some details may be faded
- Fair/Poor: Heavy wear, damage, or corrosion
Value Impact Factors
Age and Period Desirability
Not all historical periods are equally valued by collectors. Generally, buttons from these eras command premium prices:
- American Civil War (1861-1865)
- Revolutionary War (1775-1783)
- War of 1812 (1812-1815)
- World War II (1939-1945)
- Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
Collectibility Trends
Market demand fluctuates based on:
- Anniversary Commemorations: Values often increase around significant historical anniversaries
- Media Influence: Television shows, movies, and documentaries about certain conflicts
- Regional Interest: Local historical connections can drive demand in specific areas
Current Market Value Ranges
Approximate values for military buttons by era and condition (as of 2023)
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Notable High-Value Military Buttons
Confederate Rarities
Confederate military buttons are among the most sought-after by collectors, particularly those from specialized units:
- CS Navy Officer Buttons: These have sold for $1,000-$3,000 depending on condition
- Confederate Artillery Buttons: Particularly rare examples can command $800-$1,500
- State-Specific Confederate Buttons: Georgia and South Carolina patterns are especially prized
Revolutionary War Treasures
Buttons from America’s founding conflict are extremely rare and valuable:
- Continental Army Officer Buttons: Authentic examples can fetch $1,500-$5,000
- State Regiment Buttons: Particularly from the original 13 colonies, these can sell for $2,000+
- Buttons with Documented Battle Provenance: Those recovered from known battlefield sites with proper documentation can command premium prices
Specialized Military Units
Buttons from elite or unusual military units typically command higher prices:
- Zouave Regiment Buttons: Distinctive units with unique uniforms, buttons can sell for $200-$600
- Indian Wars Frontier Buttons: Cavalry and specialized frontier unit buttons from the 1870s-1880s era
- Presidential Guard Unit Buttons: Especially those from early American history
Notable Military Button Auction Results
Recent significant sales of rare military buttons
| Category | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Civil War Union Buttons (General Service) | $30-$150 | Varies by condition and specific unit |
| Civil War Confederate Buttons | $200-$1,500+ | Higher value due to rarity |
| Revolutionary War Buttons | $250-$2,000+ | Extremely rare, high collector demand |
| WWI & WWII US Buttons | $5-$50 | Common but steadily increasing in value |
| European Military Buttons (pre-1900) | $25-$300 | Varies widely by country and regiment |
| State Militia Buttons (19th Century) | $100-$500 | Desirable for state-specific collectors |
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Buying and Selling Military Buttons
Where to Buy Authentic Military Buttons
- Specialized Militaria Auctions: Companies like Heritage Auctions, Cowan’s, and other militaria-focused houses
- Reputable Online Dealers: Websites specializing in authenticated military collectibles
- Militaria Shows and Collector Events: In-person opportunities to examine buttons and meet expert dealers
- Online Marketplaces: eBay and similar platforms, though authentication is critical (check seller ratings and reviews)
Selling Your Military Button Collection
When selling military buttons, consider these options for maximizing value:
- Auction Houses: For valuable or rare specimens, especially with documented provenance
- Direct to Specialized Dealers: Often offer fair prices without auction fees
- Online Marketplaces: Provide access to a broad audience but require careful description and authentication
- Button Collector Clubs and Forums: Connect directly with interested buyers
Authentication Concerns
The market for military buttons, particularly Civil War and earlier specimens, includes reproductions and fakes. Protect yourself by:
- Getting Expert Opinions: Consult with established dealers or authentication services
- Educating Yourself: Invest in reference books and study authentic examples
- Examining Construction Details: Period-appropriate manufacturing methods are difficult to reproduce
- Requesting Provenance Documentation: Ask for any available history or previous ownership records
Building a Strategic Collection
For those starting or expanding collections:
- Focus on Specific Areas: Concentrate on particular wars, regiments, or geographic regions
- Document Your Collection: Keep detailed records of each button’s provenance and acquisition
- Network with Other Collectors: Join collector organizations for knowledge sharing and acquisition opportunities
- Consider Display and Preservation: Invest in proper storage to maintain condition and value
Preservation and Care
Handling Guidelines
- Clean Hands: Always handle buttons with clean, dry hands or cotton gloves
- Support Properly: Hold buttons by edges, avoiding pressure on design elements
- Avoid Harsh Cleaning: Never use aggressive chemical cleaners or abrasives
- Minimal Handling: Reduce exposure to oils and acids from skin
Cleaning Recommendations
Improper cleaning can drastically reduce a button’s value. When necessary:
- Brass and Copper Buttons: Use only mild soap and water with a soft brush for grime
- Silver Buttons: Avoid silver dips and harsh polishes; use speciality silver cloths if needed
- Excavated Buttons: Consult a professional conservator before attempting cleaning
- General Rule: Less is more—patina is valued by collectors and should be preserved
Storage Solutions
Proper storage prevents degradation and damage:
- Acid-Free Environments: Use museum-quality display cases or acid-free button holders
- Climate Control: Maintain stable temperature and humidity levels
- Individual Compartments: Store each button separately to prevent scratching
- Avoid PVC: Never use plastic containers containing PVC, which can damage metal
- Documentation: Keep detailed records stored with each button
Display Options
For collectors who wish to enjoy their buttons while preserving them:
- Shadowbox Frames: With acid-free backing and UV-protective glass
- Museum Display Cases: For valuable specimens that need maximum protection
- Custom Button Albums: With archival-quality pages and compartments
- Rotating Displays: Limit long-term light exposure by rotating displayed items
Common Questions About Military Button Values
Is there any value to old buttons?
Yes, old buttons—especially military buttons—can be quite valuable. Antique military buttons from specific eras like the Civil War or Revolutionary War can be worth anywhere from $30 to several thousand dollars, depending on rarity, condition, and historical significance. Buttons made of rare materials, from famous regiments, or with connections to significant historical events command the highest prices.
What to do with old military buttons?
You have several options for old military buttons:
- Preserve and collect them in proper acid-free storage
- Research their history to understand their significance
- Have them professionally appraised if you suspect they’re valuable
- Display them respectfully in shadow boxes or display cases
- Create military heritage crafts such as framed family military history displays, bracelets, or commemorative art (though this may reduce historical value)
- Donate them to historical societies or military museums
- Sell them to specialist dealers or at auction if they have significant value
The most important thing is to handle them carefully to preserve their condition.
How do you identify old flat buttons?
Identifying old flat military buttons involves examining several key characteristics:
- Backmark: Check the reverse side for manufacturer marks or backmarks that can help date and identify the button
- Material: Determine if it’s made of brass, copper, silver, pewter, or other materials
- Design elements: Look for regimental numbers, national emblems, or branch insignia
- Construction: Examine how the shank (the loop on the back) is attached—whether it’s cast as one piece or soldered on
- Edge details: Early buttons often have hand-filed or irregular edges
- Size and shape: Measure the diameter and note any distinctive shaping
- Patina: Assess whether the aging and patina appear authentic for the button’s purported age
Reference books with detailed photographs and descriptions are invaluable for accurate identification.
Are Civil War buttons rare?
Civil War buttons vary in rarity. General service buttons (like standard Union Army eagle buttons) are relatively common and modestly priced ($30-150). However, certain categories of Civil War buttons are indeed rare and valuable:
- Confederate buttons, particularly state buttons and those from specialized units, are much rarer than Union buttons
- Naval and artillery specialty buttons from both sides
- Buttons from short-lived or specialized regiments with limited production runs
- Identified buttons with provenance connecting them to specific soldiers
- Buttons in exceptional condition with original gilt remaining
The rarest Confederate buttons can sell for $1,000-3,000 or more at specialized auctions.
What are the most valuable military buttons?
The most valuable military buttons typically include:
- Revolutionary War buttons: Especially those with documented battlefield recovery, which can sell for $1,500-5,000+
- George Washington inaugural buttons: Extremely rare political/military crossover items that have sold for $5,000-10,000+
- Rare Confederate Navy and specialized unit buttons: Particularly those from states with limited production, selling for $1,000-3,000+
- Colonial era military buttons: Pre-Revolutionary War examples are exceptionally scarce
- Buttons with documented connections to famous military leaders: Those with provenance linking them to generals or notable officers
- Extremely rare state militia buttons: Particularly those from the early 19th century
Condition is paramount—buttons retaining original gilding or finish will command top prices.
How can I tell if a military button is authentic?
Authenticating military buttons requires examining several factors:
- Weight and feel: Authentic old buttons have a substantive feel appropriate to their material
- Manufacturing techniques: Study how the shank is attached—methods changed over time
- Backmarks: Research manufacturer marks to confirm they match the purported period
- Patina: Natural aging is difficult to fake convincingly—look for appropriate tarnish patterns
- Design details: Compare to known authentic examples in reference books or museums
- Material composition: Consider having the metal analyzed for period-appropriate composition
- Provenance: Documentation of where the button was found or previous ownership adds credibility
When in doubt, consult with established dealers, attend militaria shows to compare examples, or submit important pieces to authentication services.
Conclusion: Military Buttons as Historical Investments
As with many collectible markets, knowledge is your most valuable asset. By understanding the historical context, manufacturing details, and market trends that drive military button values, you’ll be better equipped to build a meaningful collection or realize the full value of buttons already in your possession.
Whether you’re drawn to the artistry of button design, fascinated by military history, or interested in the investment potential, military button collecting offers rich rewards. These small artifacts continue to tell important stories about the individuals who served, the regiments they belonged to, and the conflicts that shaped our world.
As interest in historical collectibles continues to grow, properly identified and preserved military buttons are likely to maintain or increase their value, making them both culturally significant keepsakes and potentially worthwhile investments for the discerning collector.
External Resources for Military Button Collectors
Military Buttons for Sale on Invaluable
Browse and research past auction prices of military buttons from premier auctions and galleries worldwide, gaining valuable insight into current market values.
Antique and Vintage Military Buttons at Collectors Weekly
Comprehensive articles and guides on military button collecting, with historical context and collecting tips from experienced enthusiasts.
Civil War & Military Button Identification Videos
Visual guides to identifying and valuing military buttons, including demonstrations of authentication techniques and market value discussions.
The Button Baron: Military Buttons 1880-1945
Specialized dealer offering authenticated vintage original military buttons with detailed descriptions and historical context.
PBS Antiques Roadshow: Military Uniform Button Collection Appraisal
Expert appraisal of a Civil War era military button collection, providing insight into valuation methods and significant historical factors.
Antique Army Buttons on Etsy
Marketplace featuring various military buttons from different eras, offering examples of current retail pricing for collectors.
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| Item | Price | Date | Auction House |
|---|---|---|---|
| Confederate Georgia State Seal Button | $3,600 | June 2022 | Heritage Auctions |
| George Washington Inaugural Button | $8,750 | September 2021 | Heritage Auctions |
| Civil War 5th New York Zouave Button | $1,250 | April 2022 | Cowan's Auctions |
| Revolutionary War Continental Artillery Button | $4,200 | May 2023 | Sotheby's |