Antique Weathervanes: Values, History, and Collector's Guide
Discover the fascinating world of antique weathervanes, their history, identification tips, and current market values. Learn what makes these folk art treasures so valuable to collectors.
By Appraisily TeamLast updated June 19, 2023
Introduction to Antique Weathervanes
Weathervanes represent one of America’s most enduring forms of folk art, combining practicality with artistic expression. Originally designed to show wind direction for farmers and sailors, these functional sculptures have evolved into highly sought-after collectibles that can command astonishing prices at auction.
Today’s collectors prize weathervanes not only for their historical significance but also for their artistic merit, craftsmanship, and the authentic patina that develops over decades of exposure to the elements. From simple directional arrows to elaborate figures of animals, people, and vehicles, weathervanes tell the story of American craftsmanship and rural life.
Antique Weathervane Market Highlights
$5.84 Million
Record auction price for a weathervane (J.L. Mott Iron Works Indian Chief, 2006)
3,500+ Years
Age of earliest known weathervanes (ancient Mesopotamia)
19th Century
Golden age of American weathervane production
<h2 class="section-header__title">
<span>The History of Weathervanes</span>
</h2>
<div class="section-header__body">Weathervanes have a surprisingly ancient lineage, with examples dating back thousands of years across multiple civilizations.</div>
Evolution of Weathervanes Through History
1500 BCE
Ancient Origins
The earliest weathervanes appeared in Mesopotamia over 3,500 years ago, marking humanity's early attempts to predict weather patterns.
50 BCE
Tower of the Winds
The oldest surviving weathervane comes from the Tower of the Winds in Athens, Greece, dating from around 50 BCE.
9th Century
Church Weathercocks
Pope Nicholas I decreed in the 9th century that church steeples should be adorned with cockerel (rooster) weathervanes, symbolizing Christ's prophecy to Peter.
1740-1850
Early American Craftsmanship
American colonial weathervanes were typically handcrafted from wood, iron, or tin, featuring simple designs like bannerets and roosters.
1850-1900
Golden Age
The industrial revolution brought mass-produced copper weathervanes from companies like J.W. Fiske and L.W. Cushing, establishing the golden age of American weathervanes.
1900-1930
Declining Popularity
As weather forecasting improved and architectural styles changed, weathervanes declined in practical use but began to be appreciated as folk art.
1970s-Present
Collector's Market
Antique weathervanes gained recognition as important American folk art, with values steadily increasing and exceptional examples setting auction records.
<h2 class="section-header__title">
<span>Types of Antique Weathervanes</span>
</h2>
<div class="section-header__body">Weathervanes come in countless designs, with certain figures and styles commanding higher values in today’s market.</div>
Common Figural Designs
American weathervane makers created a vast array of designs reflecting rural life, patriotic themes, and popular culture. Some of the most common and collectible figures include:
Farm animals: Roosters, horses, cows, and pigs were popular choices for agricultural settings.
Wild animals: Eagles, deer, fish, and other wildlife symbolized American identity and nature.
Human figures: Cowboys, Indians, sailors, and mythological figures captured American ideals and stories.
Vehicles: Fire engines, locomotives, carriages, and later automobiles showcased technological progress.
Nautical themes: Ships, mermaids, and whales were especially common in coastal regions.
Patriotic symbols: American eagles, Liberty figures, and flags expressed national pride.
Material Composition
The material used in a weathervane’s construction significantly impacts its value and authenticity:
Common Weathervane Materials
Materials used in antique weathervane production
Category
Price
Notes
Copper
Most desirable for collectors; develops distinctive verdigris patina
Highest value
Zinc
Often used for details and structural elements
Mid-range value
Iron
Common in earlier and simpler weathervanes
Varies by age and design
Wood
Earliest American examples; rarely survive in good condition
<div class="section-header__body">With reproduction weathervanes flooding the market, knowing how to identify authentic antiques is crucial for collectors and investors.</div>
Key Identification Factors
Authentic antique weathervanes exhibit several characteristics that help distinguish them from modern reproductions:
Patina Development
One of the most reliable indicators of age is the natural patina that develops on copper and other metals over decades of exposure to the elements.
According to experts at Weathervanes – Treasures on Trial: “Because genuine vanes would have spent decades exposed to the sun and weather, issues of authenticity often relate to the appearance of corrosion on the surface. Although original owners would often re-paint or re-gild these surfaces when they began to corrode, today’s collectors value the patina of age.”
Authentic patinas typically show:
Natural verdigris (greenish) coloration
Uneven weathering patterns
Surface textures that cannot be easily replicated
Authentic Weathervane Patina Assessment
Check for these characteristics when examining patina
Verdigris shows depth and variation rather than uniform color
Weather-facing surfaces show more wear than protected areas
Original gilt traces may remain in protected crevices
Pattern of weathering corresponds to typical mounting position
No signs of artificial aging or chemical treatments
Construction Techniques
Manufacturing methods provide important clues to a weathervane’s age:
Seams and Solder: Early vanes typically show hand-soldered seams with thicker, less uniform solder lines
Molding Marks: Look for evidence of the original molding process, including small imperfections
Hollow vs. Solid Construction: Most authentic copper weathervanes have hollow bodies created from two molded halves
Mounting Hardware: Original directional points, rods, and mounting brackets often show appropriate aging and wear
Maker’s Marks and Provenance
Many prominent weathervane manufacturers marked their products, though these marks were sometimes subtle:
J.W. Fiske: One of America’s largest weathervane producers (active 1850s-1930s)
L.W. Cushing & Sons: Major manufacturer based in Waltham, Massachusetts
E.G. Washburne & Co.: Known for high-quality molded copper vanes
A.L. Jewell & Co.: Produced distinctive designs from 1852-1867
Harris & Co.: Connecticut maker known for detailed work
Documented provenance—the history of ownership—can add significant value and confirmation of authenticity.
<h2 class="section-header__title">
<span>Value Factors for Antique Weathervanes</span>
</h2>
<div class="section-header__body">Multiple factors determine the market value of an antique weathervane, with exceptional examples commanding prices from tens of thousands to millions of dollars.</div>
Key Value Determinants
Rarity and Design Appeal
Unusual or exceptionally detailed designs typically command premium prices:
Unique subjects: Uncommon figures like mermaids, fire engines, or detailed human forms
Size: Larger vanes (over 30 inches) often bring higher prices
Artistic merit: Finely proportioned and detailed examples attract more interest
Historical significance: Vanes with documented historical importance or cultural relevance
Condition
The condition significantly impacts value, though some weathering is expected and desirable:
Structural integrity: No major damage, breaks, or missing pieces
Original surface: Unaltered patina without inappropriate cleaning or restoration
Functionality: Moving parts (if applicable) still operational
Completeness: Original directional points, mounting hardware, and accessories
Provenance and Documentation
A documented history adds substantial value:
Original location: Knowledge of the original building or property
Photographic evidence: Historical photographs showing the vane in situ
Previous ownership: Documented chain of custody, especially from notable collections
Exhibition history: Inclusion in museum exhibitions or important publications
Antique Weathervane Value Ranges
Current market values based on type, condition, and provenance (2023)
Some weathervanes have achieved remarkable prices at auction:
Notable Weathervane Auction Records
Exceptional examples that commanded extraordinary prices
Item
Price
Date
Auction House
J.L. Mott Iron Works Indian Chief
$5.84 million
January 2006
Sotheby's, New York
A.L. Jewell Horse and Rider
$700,000
September 2003
Sotheby's, New York
Molded Copper "Goddess of Liberty"
$437,500
January 2019
Christie's, New York
Rare Gilt Copper and Zinc Rooster
$400,000+
October 2018
Sotheby's, New York
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According to information from Tuck & Holand Metal Sculptors: “Up until very recently, the record price paid for an antique copper weathervane was $700,000 for a horse and rider (Sotheby’s, New York). In January 2006, this record was shattered when a rare Indian Chief weathervane sold for $5.84 million.”
<h2 class="section-header__title">
<span>Where to Buy and Sell Antique Weathervanes</span>
</h2>
<div class="section-header__body">The market for antique weathervanes spans from high-end auction houses to online platforms.</div>
Purchasing Options
Auction Houses
Major auction houses regularly feature important weathervanes in their Americana and folk art sales:
Christie’s: Holds specialized American folk art auctions featuring premium weathervanes
Sotheby’s: Offers high-end weathervanes with authenticated provenance
Skinner: Known for expertise in American folk art and weathervanes
Bonhams: Features quality weathervanes in Americana auctions
Antique Dealers and Shows
Specialized dealers often have deep knowledge of weathervanes:
Antique shows: Major events like the Winter Show in New York often feature weathervane specialists
Folk art galleries: Dealers specializing in American folk art frequently offer vetted examples
Regional dealers: Local shops in New England and other historically rich areas may have regional examples
Online Marketplaces
More accessible options with varying levels of authentication:
eBay: Wide selection ranging from authentic antiques to reproductions
Chairish: Curated selection of higher-end weathervanes
Etsy: Mix of antique, vintage, and reproduction options
Selling Your Weathervane
If you have an antique weathervane to sell, consider these options:
Professional appraisal: Before selling, obtain a formal appraisal from an expert in American folk art
Auction consignment: For valuable examples, consignment to a specialized auction house often brings the best results
Dealer sale: Established folk art dealers may purchase outright or sell on consignment
Direct sale platforms: Online marketplaces allow direct sales but may require more effort and knowledge
<h2 class="section-header__title">
<span>Caring for Antique Weathervanes</span>
</h2>
<div class="section-header__body">Proper preservation helps maintain both the condition and value of antique weathervanes.</div>
Conservation Guidelines
Handling and Display
Support the weight properly: Never lift or support by delicate or projecting parts
Clean hands: Always handle with clean, dry hands or cotton gloves
Stable display: Mount securely to prevent tipping or falling
Indoor display: Keep antique weathervanes indoors to prevent further weathering
Avoid direct sunlight: Display away from windows to prevent fading of original paint or gilt
Cleaning and Maintenance
The patina on an antique weathervane is valuable and should be preserved:
Minimal intervention: Avoid aggressive cleaning that could damage the patina
Dust gently: Use a soft brush or cloth to remove surface dust
Avoid chemicals: Never use commercial metal cleaners or polishes
Professional conservation: For valuable examples, consult a professional conservator
Documentation: Keep records of any conservation work performed
Storage Considerations
If not on display:
Climate control: Store in stable temperature and humidity
Proper wrapping: Use acid-free materials for wrapping
Avoid contact: Prevent metal-to-metal contact that could cause scratches
Support weight evenly: Store flat or with proper support structures
Common Questions About Antique Weathervanes
How can I tell if my weathervane is antique?
Authentic antique weathervanes typically show several key indicators:
Natural patina that develops over decades of exposure
Construction techniques consistent with the era (hand-soldered seams, molding marks)
Materials typical of the period (copper, zinc, iron)
Signs of authentic weathering that cannot be easily reproduced
Appropriate aging of mounting hardware and directional points
Because reproductions are common, examination by an expert is often worthwhile for valuable pieces.
What is the most expensive weathervane ever sold?
The most expensive antique weathervane ever sold is a 62-inch high Indian Chief weathervane made by J.L. Mott Iron Works. It was sold at Sotheby's in New York City in 2006 for an astonishing $5.84 million, shattering previous records.
Before this sale, the record was held by a molded copper and zinc horse and rider weathervane that sold for $700,000.
What is the oldest known weathervane?
Weathervanes have ancient origins dating back over 3,500 years to ancient Mesopotamia. However, the oldest surviving example is from the Tower of the Winds in Athens, Greece, dating from approximately 50 BCE.
The earliest American weathervanes date to the colonial period, with few surviving examples from before 1750.
What are antique weathervanes made of?
Antique weathervanes were crafted from various materials:
The earliest American weathervanes were often made from wood, iron, or tin
By the mid-19th century, copper became the dominant material
Many featured a combination of materials, with copper bodies and zinc details
Some had gilded surfaces, though this gilding rarely survives completely intact
Glass elements (especially colored glass eyes) were sometimes incorporated
Iron or steel was used for structural elements and mounting hardware
The most valuable weathervanes are typically those made of molded copper with a naturally developed patina.
Should I clean or restore my antique weathervane?
In most cases, it's best to avoid cleaning or restoring an antique weathervane, as the natural patina is highly valued by collectors. Improper cleaning can significantly reduce value.
If your weathervane requires conservation:
Consult with a professional conservator specializing in metal artifacts
Document the weathervane’s condition before any work is done
Focus on stabilization rather than restoration
Avoid commercial metal polishes or aggressive cleaning methods
Remember that signs of age and use are desirable characteristics that contribute to authenticity and value.
How much are antique lightning rods with glass balls worth?
Antique lightning rods with glass balls can range significantly in value:
Simple lightning rods with common clear glass balls: $100-$300
Complete systems with directionals and mounts: $200-$600
Rods with colored or patterned glass balls: $300-$1,000+
Unusual configurations or documented history: $1,000-$3,000+
The value depends on the rarity of the glass color, completeness of the system, condition, and aesthetic appeal. Lightning rod systems are often found with weathervanes, as they were typically installed together on buildings.
<h2 class="section-header__title">
<span>Conclusion: The Enduring Appeal of Weathervanes</span>
</h2>
<div class="section-header__body">Antique weathervanes represent a perfect blend of American folk art, practical craftsmanship, and historical documentation.</div>
As functional objects transformed into cherished collectibles, weathervanes continue to captivate collectors with their artistic merit, historical significance, and the authentic patina that comes only with decades of service atop American buildings. Their silhouettes against the sky once served practical purposes, but today they serve as tangible connections to our agricultural and architectural heritage.
Whether you’re a serious collector, a casual admirer, or someone who has discovered an old weathervane in a family barn, understanding these distinctive artifacts helps preserve an important aspect of American material culture. As weathervanes approach their fourth millennium of existence, they remain powerful symbols of how utility and beauty can coexist in perfect harmony.
